Four Pauses

1. The shivering cold has long since gone.  I am still to take off my jackets.  The heat has already started to generate in my body.  I feel every cells carrying exothermic reactions inside me.  I am starting to feel cooked.  Oh, please, no scorching sun now!  No!  No!
2. The dazzling reflection coming from the papers have teared me, not as a result of emotions but as a result of biological response.  I can't open my eyes, neither can I flush the beam.  With corrugated eyebrow, I close my eyes as hard as I could, as quickly as I could.
3. The lines I get to write sporadically when the sun fades are not still to find some rhythm.  Rhythm lies in reader, argues one.  Rhythm is a must thing to writer, I insist. 
4. Each breath creates a freshness in me as my breath resonates with flowing air.  The nitrogen dominated air, though odorless, is pleasant and fresh on its own right; though colorless, colorful on its own reflections; though tasteless, delicious on its own flavor.

Cosine Cup, an Untalked Mathematical Surface and Its Area

Everyone must have seen and used umbrella once in their lifetime.  In the rainy days, umbrella is a must-have thing while going somewhere.  Monsoon has already started in Nepal and many villagers have already started sowing rice seeds.  However, very few people wonder about the structure and shape of the umbrella.  Looks like the truncate of sphere, umbrella is beautiful in its own structure and design, thanks to different colors and designs that makes it beautiful as a lotus flower.

Now, I would like you to wonder one thing.
Have you ever heard of cosine cup?

Most probably, not.  Even before I came up with this term, I hadn't listened.  I was doing some mathematics on surfaces obtained by revolving things about some axis and this thing, cosine cup, a surface of revolution came up.  There may even be umbrella designed on this shape.  Who knows?!

Mathematical Analysis of Tower of Hanoi Problem

Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle invented by French Mathematician Édouard Lucas in 1883.  There is a story about it being associated with Indian temple named Kashi Viswanath temple about which you can read here.

Now, let's jump into the problem.

Picture source: Wikipedia

There are three rods as shown in the figure above.  One of the rods has the discs arranged in the order of their size.  The discs are arranged upwards in the decreasing-size manner.  Our job is to shift whole set of discs to any other rod following the following rules.

• Only one disc can be moved at a time.
• Never can a larger disc sit above smaller disc.
• Only uppermost disc can be moved from the set of discs.

Complying to these rules, we should shift the whole set of discs from first rod to any other rod.  There can be any number of discs.  Our task is to come for general solution for any 'n' number of discs.